ADHD Medications

Stimulant and non-stimulant ADHD medications differ in how fast they work, how they affect the brain, and their risk levels.

Stimulants

Stimulant ADHD medications fall into two main categories and are often considered first-line treatments because they are effective for many people with ADHD. Many stimulant medications come in short-acting vs. long-acting (extended-release) forms, which differ in how fast they work, how long they last, and how often you need to take them.

Methylphenidate-based ADHD medications work by increasing the availability of certain neurotransmitters involved in attention and self-control. Common examples include:

Concerta® (extended-release)
Daytrana® (patch form)
Focalin® (dexmethylphenidate)
Metadate® CD (controlled-delivery)
Ritalin® (methylphenidate)

Amphetamine-based ADHD medications work by also affecting neurotransmitters that help regulate focus, impulse control, and alertness. Common examples include:

Adderall® (mixed amphetamine salts)
Adderall XR® (extended-release)
Dexedrine® (dextroamphetamine)
Evekeo® (amphetamine sulfate)
Vyvanse® (lisdexamfetamine)

Non-Stimulants

Non-stimulant ADHD medications are widely used for the treatment of ADHD in children and adults. They can be effective in reducing ADHD symptoms by modulating norepinephrine and dopamine levels to improve focus and control impulses. Unlike stimulant medications, non-stimulants are not controlled substances. Common examples include:

Intuniv® (guanfacine extended-release)
Kapvay® (clonidine extended-release)
Qelbree® (viloxazine)
Strattera® (atomoxetine)

The choice between stimulant and non-stimulant medication is individualized. Many clients do very well on stimulants, while others achieve excellent results with non-stimulants or a combination approach guided by our psychiatric nurse practitioners.

Potential Benefits

Better concentration
Less distractibility
Improved task completion
Better organization
Reduced impulsivity
Improved performance at school or work

Common Side Effects

Reduced appetite
Difficulty sleeping
Headache
Dry mouth
Upset stomach
Increased nervousness or irritability in some people

Important Notes:

ADHD medications often work best when combined with psychotherapy 
Not every person with ADHD needs lifelong medication
Most ADHD medications can have side effects, and finding the right medication may take time  
Never start, stop, or change ADHD medications without consulting a healthcare professional (like our psychiatric nurse practitioners)

Disclaimer: This content is provided for informational or educational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for informed medical advice or care. You should not use this information to diagnose or treat any health issue without consulting your healthcare provider.

Sources: